Yule
What is Yule?
From sagas we have two terms: jólablót (Yule sacrifice) and midvinterblót (Midwinter sacrifice). Were they two terms for the same observance, or different observances? Scholars are cautious about assuming information, but generally the Norse Pagan Community believes they are the same.
Yule is a 12 day festival held from sunset on the night before the winter solstice till the sunrise on the morning of the next calendar year (December 20-Jan 1). Each day is themed, but each family and kinship within the Norse Pagan Community celebrates each day with slightly different intentions and traditions. The generally accepted themes for the 12 days is as follows:
Night 1: Mother's Night
Day/Night 2: Winter Solstice
Day/Night 3: Virtue - Courage
Day/Night 4: Virtue - Truth
Day/Night 5: Virtue - Honor
Day/Night 6: Virtue - Fidelity
Day/Night 7: Virtue - Hospitality
Day/Night 8: Virtue - Dicipline
Day/Night 9: Virtue - Industriousness
Day/Night 10: Virtue - Self-Reliance
Day/Night 11: Virtue - Perserverance
Day/Night 12: Twelfth Night
Úti vill jól drekka, Ef skal einn ráða, Fylkir enn framlyndi, Ok Freys leik heyja; (Drink out Yule, if one will advise, the fame-seeking ruler, and perform Frey's game)
-Old Norse Yule Toast
Yule has been recorded lasting difering number of days depending on the region and the scribe. The Norse text Heimskringla: The Saga of Hakon the Good talks about it once lasting for only three days, or as long as the mead lasted. Original pagan customs included feasting within temples with enough mead and meat to last the nights. Animals were sacrificed and their blood spread onto idols of the Aesir with “sacrificial twigs." Blood would also be smeared within the temple, on the walls, on the outer sides of the temple, and on the men participating. After boiling sacrificial meat and preparing drink, three toasts would be made. The first toast was to be drunk to Odin "for victory and power to the king", the second to the gods Njord and Freyr for "good harvests and for peace", and third to the king himself for his fair leadership and kindness thought the year. In addition, toasts were drunk to the memory of departed kinsfolk. These were called minni (memorial toast).
Meanwhile, we have records from Roman sources that talk of the nomadic tribes of the Northern Traditions tying their gatherings to nights of the new or full moon, which is close to the timeline we use today. In Gulathingslog 7 we see that Yule was celebrated "for a fertile and peaceful season" as well as in the Saga of Hakon the Good where we see a similar theme surrounding Odin who is hailed as a bringer of victory. Njord and Freyr were also hailed for peace and fertility.
In the modern Norse Pagan practice, the focus is more on the deities associated with the Wild Hunt and the hopes for the fertility to come in the planting and subsequent harvest season ahead. This is not to say that the longest night of the year was not recognized by our ancestors, but rather what has survived ages of religious erasure tends to focus more predominantly upon the Wild Hunt figures we find within the stories.
For example; Thor and Odin are both also honored by those who view them as the origin of the various Santa Claus like traditions. Additionally, some honor Saga. Saga means history or story, and being that this is the time of year when people will naturally huddle together around the hearth-fire and tell the old stories: the stories of our ancestors and of our Gods.
How to Celebrate Holiday?
Most folks have heard of bonfires as part of solstice celebrations, in the Northern Tradition we also have folk traditions concerning the yule log. The yule log is a special log set afire on Mothers Night and continued to be burnt till the end of the season of Yule. This originates from a pre-Christian practice of bringing light on the darkest and longest of nights. In a modern homes that do not contain wood buring fire places, a candle lit yule log is crafted with a candle to be lit each night of the 12 nights.
The 12 Nights of Yule:
- MOTHER’S NIGHT – THE EVENING START OF YULE
Perhaps being influenced by an old Anglo-Saxon celebration that called Módraniht, Mothers Night is an evening that honors our Disir. The Disir are often portrayed as being one's guardian spirits over a particular person or group. They are the ancestral mothers, and other female spirits (including deities) that oversee, influence, and protect the family, clan, or tribe. Rarely do they demand offerings, but like all beings in the norse cosmose, hospitality and thanks are always apreciated. Cook a meal from a family recipe, perhaps a dish crafted and passed down to you by your grand mother or great-grandmother. Light a candle and invite your Disir to your table using a prayer, vardlokkr, or hail such as this.
" Tonight we honor our Mothers, who thought joy and suffeing endured so thatir children , and their children's children might not just survive but thrive.
I call to our mothers, the life bringers who have guided us from darkenss onto the paths our ancestors ahve traveled, and now the pather we wlak on."
Mother’s Night is the perfect time to honor not only the disir,but the various mother Goddesses as well: Freya, Frigg, Sigyn, Nanna, etc. Invite Frigg, the All Mother, to the feast, for she is the mother of all kind.
"All-Mother Frigg I hail you, and thank you. for your immeasurable blessings, your guidance and wisdom. you see all things, even if I ay not know them. May your counsel follow me into the year ahead and be the compass from which I navigate. Feast and be marry."
2. WINTER SOLSTICE
The winter solstice lends itself well as a night to honor the Gods and Goddesses attached to astronomical aspects of time-keeping: Sunna, Mani, Sinthgunt, Nott, Dagr, Mundilfari, etc. There is an Icelandic Tradition called Jólabókaflóð (yule book flood) practiced by our Kindred as a day where family members unwrap a new book and pajama set then spend the evening indoors reading our new stories.
The Winter Solstice is also the date of the Wild Hunt. The Wild Hunt is a chase led by Odin, accompanied by a horde of hounds and men, hurtling through the night sky. Their passing marked by a tumultuous racket of pounding hooves, howling dogs and raging winds. Odin, in his guise of a wind-god, rushes through the skies astride his eight-legged steed, Sleipnir.
As it is thought that the souls of the dead are wafted away on the winds of a strong storm, Odin is regarded as the leader of all disembodied spirits - the gatherer of the dead both recent and recently called upon during Vetrnaetr, to go home to their halls in the afterlife. In this role he is known as the Wild Huntsman.
Odin, followed by the ghosts of the dead, will roam the skies on the solstice, accompanied by furious winds, lightning and thunder. This hunt lasts for up to 3 nights, leading to the final night being on Christmas Eve. Odin is connected to the santa clause traditions in modern day due to the fact that as the Wild Hunt travels over our homes, he blesses the families sleeping inside with prosperity and other gifts.
3-11. THE VIRTUES
Days 3 through 11 are left up to the interpretation and choice of each family. We will discuss one of the 9 virtues that guide our lives as a Norse Pagan. Typically the celebration each night contains one or more of the following:
a night dedicated to the Vanir nature gods.
a night dedicated to the Norns, the weavers of fate.
have a night focusing on deities Thor & Sif, Gerd & Freyr, Freya who are connected with the bounty and fertility of the land.
a night focusing on Njord, Ran, Aegir and their 9 daughters. All of whom are the deities of the waters.
a night for deities of the winter like Skadi, Ullr, and Frau Holle.
a night dedicated to the Healing Gods and Goddesses such as Eir and Aurboda.
a night honoring the alfar and male ancestors
a night for the household's primary deities (if applicable).
Christmas Eve, December 25th, would be perfect as a night for Wild Hunt deities tied to the Santa Claus Mythos: Odin, Thor, and the Germanic Goddess of snow Frau Holle.
12. TWELFTH NIGHT
Yuletide festivities conclude on Twelfth Night. Many modern Norse Pagans will celebrate this in conjunction with New Year’s Eve. Afere all, it is the last big party to celebrate a new year. We celebrate the passing of the darkest period of the year and begin to look foward to the day when the sun will reach its highest and the days will start warming. Of all the nights of Yule, this night seems to be the one most closely associated with the custom of wassailing, which embodies in part the customs around caroling as well.
Wassail essentially relates to health, prosperity and luck, which is used prominently as a type of salutation. Not only do you use the word to greet someone, but the greeting also had the implication that you wished them good health. Think of it as the "Aloha" of the Yuletide season.
Suggestions for your own Yule Altar
Yule Log
Straw Goat (Thor)
Solstice Wheel
Deer/Stag Antler (Freyr)
Hollie (Odin, Frau Halle)
Evergreen Branches
Winter Motifs
Post by: Rachael Robison. Gythia of Helderberg Meadworks CNY